Inteligencia artificial y derechos de autor. / Artificial intelligence and copyright.

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Las inteligencias artificiales son cada vez más presentes en nuestras vidas y están cambiando la forma en que interactuamos con nuestro entorno. Estos avances tecnológicos son fenomenales, pero también plantean nuevos desafíos a la hora de proteger los derechos de autor.

La inteligencia artificial es un campo de la informática que se dedica al desarrollo de programas capaces de realizar tareas que requieren inteligencia, como el reconocimiento de patrones o la toma de decisiones. En los últimos años, la inteligencia artificial ha experimentado un increíble avance gracias a los avances en el campo de la computación y el aprendizaje automático.

Estos avances han permitido que las inteligencias artificiales sean cada vez más presentes en nuestras vidas, desde asistentes virtuales como Siri o Alexa, hasta sistemas automatizados de control de tráfico y diagnóstico médico. Y mientras que estos progresos son sin duda alguna beneficiosos, también plantean nuevos desafíos para la protección de los derechos de autor.

Tradicionalmente, el derecho de autor se ha definido como el derecho exclusivo del autor de una obra literaria, artística o musical a publicar, reproducir o adaptar su trabajo. Y mientras que esta definición sigue siendo válida, en la era digital el concepto de obra se ha vuelto mucho más abstracto. Por ejemplo, una fotografía puede ser considerada una obra literaria si contiene palabras; un videojuego puede ser considerado una obra musical si incluye banda sonora; y un programa informático puede ser considerado una obra literaria si está escrito en lenguaje natural.

Así pues, proteger las obras creadas por inteligencias artificiales resulta extremadamente complicado, ya que dichas obras no encajan perfectamente en ninguna de las categorías tradicionales del derecho de autor. Sin embargo, esto no significa que no deban estar protegidas. Al contrario, la capacidad de las inteligencias artificiales para crear nuevas formas de arte y expresión es extremadamente valiosa y merece ser protegida.

Existen varias maneras en que los derechos de autor pueden proteger las obras creadas por inteligencias artificiales. En primer lugar, podría aplicarse el modelo tradicional del derecho de autor, según el cual el autor es quien tiene derecho exclusivo sobre su obra. Esto significaría que el creador del programa informático utilizado para generar las obras sería considerado como el autor y tendría derecho a publicar o adaptar su trabajo como mejor le convenga.

El verdadero problema radica en la dificultad de probar quién es el verdadero autor de una obra generada por inteligencia artificial, ya que el programa podría haber sido modificado por terceros sin que el creador lo supiera. Además, este modelo supone que el creador tiene pleno control sobre su programa y sobre las obras generadas por éste, lo cual no siempre es certero.

Una segunda posibilidad sería considerar a la inteligencia artificial como un coautor de las obras generadas por ella misma. Esto significaría que tanto la inteligencia artificial como sus creadores tendrían derechos igualitarios sobre dichas obras. De esta forma, se garantizaría que las inteligencias artificiales tengan acceso a los mismos beneficios y protecciones que los humanos autores.

Sin embargo, este modelo presenta algunas cuestiones éticas y prácticas controversiales. Por ejemplo, ¿tiene sentido otorgarle derechos igualitarios a un software? ¿Sería posible registrar a un programa informático como coautor? Y si es así ¿cómo se distribuirían los ingresos derivados del uso de tales obras? Estas cuestiones no tienen sencillas respuestas y requieren ulteriores investigaciones para ser resueltas satisfactoriamente.

En última instancia, lo importante es reconocer la valía artística y cultural de las obras generadas por inteligencias artificiales y buscar soluciones creativas para protegerlas adecuadamente dentro del marco del derecho actual.


English

Artificial intelligences are increasingly present in our lives and are changing the way we interact with our environment. These technological advances are phenomenal, but they also pose new challenges when it comes to copyright protection.

Artificial intelligence is a field of computer science that is dedicated to the development of programs capable of performing tasks that require intelligence, such as pattern recognition or decision making. In recent years, artificial intelligence has experienced incredible progress thanks to advances in the field of computing and machine learning.

These advances have allowed artificial intelligences to become increasingly present in our lives, from virtual assistants such as Siri or Alexa, to automated traffic control and medical diagnostic systems. And while these developments are undoubtedly beneficial, they also pose new challenges for copyright protection.

Traditionally, copyright has been defined as the exclusive right of the author of a literary, artistic or musical work to publish, reproduce or adapt his or her work. And while this definition is still valid, in the digital age the concept of work has become much more abstract. For example, a photograph may be considered a literary work if it contains words; a video game may be considered a musical work if it includes a soundtrack; and a computer program may be considered a literary work if it is written in natural language.

Thus, protecting works created by artificial intelligences is extremely complicated, since such works do not fit neatly into any of the traditional copyright categories. However, this does not mean that they should not be protected. On the contrary, the ability of artificial intelligences to create new forms of art and expression is extremely valuable and deserves to be protected.

There are several ways in which copyright can protect works created by artificial intelligences. First, the traditional model of copyright, whereby the author has the exclusive right to his or her work, could be applied. This would mean that the creator of the computer program used to generate the works would be considered the author and would have the right to publish or adapt his work as he sees fit.

The real problem lies in the difficulty of proving who is the true author of a work generated by artificial intelligence, since the program could have been modified by third parties without the creator's knowledge. Moreover, this model assumes that the creator has full control over his program and over the works generated by it, which is not always accurate.

A second possibility would be to consider the artificial intelligence as a co-author of the works generated by itself. This would mean that both the artificial intelligence and its creators would have equal rights over such works. This would ensure that artificial intelligences have access to the same benefits and protections as human authors.

However, this model presents some controversial ethical and practical issues. For example, does it make sense to grant equal rights to software, and would it be possible to register a computer program as a co-author? And if so, how would the income derived from the use of such works be distributed? These questions do not have simple answers and require further research to be satisfactorily resolved.

Ultimately, the important thing is to recognize the artistic and cultural value of works generated by artificial intelligences and to seek creative solutions to protect them adequately within the framework of current law.


Traducción realizada con la versión gratuita del traductor www.DeepL.com/Translator

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