The effects of smog on our environment
With the onset of winter, smog has begun to make its presence felt. This smog has been continuously engulfing the world for the last few years. In the face of the global epidemic, which also targets the respiratory system, smog could be a serious public health problem.
Smog is a combination of the words; smoke and fog, and it was first used in London in the early 1900's, where fog and smoke engulfed London. According to various sources, Dr. Henry Antoine des Voeux published used this word in his article “Fog and Smog”.
It contains nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, smoke and other elements suspended in the air. These include invisible substances such as carbon monoxide (CO), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and radioactive components. Man-made smog is caused by burning coal, car fumes, industrial emissions and wild or agricultural fires. Smog is formed when these toxic substances combine with sunlight. There are two types of air pollution particles: Particles of primary pollution that enter the atmosphere directly and particles of secondary pollution which are formed by the combination of chemical reactions.
Photochemical smog is not visible but it is very dangerous. It is caused by the revolution of industrial development. It is found in all modern cities, where the sun shines longer and the weather is hot and dry. Also, where there is a lot of road transport. One of the natural causes of smog is the eruption of volcanoes, which contain large amounts of sulfur dioxide and other suspended matter. The smog created by volcanic eruptions is called Vog.
Some of the factors involved in smog production are Ultraviolet Light, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides and other components including Volalite Organic Compounds (VOCs). In sunlight, nitrogen dioxide dissolves into byproducts, resulting in the formation of ozone. It is important to note that ozone depletion occurs after sunset.
The Industrial Revolution and the rapid growth of the means of transportation are the two main sources from which these substances are being emitted in large quantities. The time of day is also very important which helps in creating photochemical smog. As the morning begins, traffic congestion increases, nitrogen emissions and organic matter increase. In the meanwhile traffic is reduced, with nitrogen and vapor organic matter combining to form nitrogen oxides.
Smog has harmful effects on human health, such as nitrogen dioxide is harmful to the eyes and respiratory system, sulfur dioxide affects the respiratory tract and interferes with the exchange of gases in the lungs. Methane contains global warming, benzene causes cancer, and ozone affects the nose, ears and throat. In pregnant women, the side effects of smog include low birth weight, premature births, and birth defects in the body structure such as small head, low brain and brain development.
Smog also has adverse effects on plants, including crop growth and reduced productivity. Crops and trees are severely affected by ozone and PAN. PAN kills the leaves of plants and crops, causing 50% damage to grape, potato and tobacco crops and 30% damage to cotton. Smog also affects rubber, plastics, paints, stones, textiles and concrete.
It contains toxic substances such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Smog can form in any city, in any weather where the emissions of industrial fumes and gases are high. The intensity of smog can be measured. A special type of device called a nephelometer is used for this purpose. In addition, world-class standards such as the Malaysian API
(Air Pollution index), American AQI (American Air Quality Index) and Singapore PSI (Pollutant Standards Index are used.
According to the latest global rankings, Asia is at the top not only in terms of population but also in terms of air pollution. According to this ranking, Dhaka ranks first in terms of 213 Air Quality Index while Delhi ranks second with a score of 203. Lahore is sixth with a score of 165 and Karachi is ninth with a score of 155.
Smog can affect everyone in society, but people who live outdoors are more likely to be affected. Physical workers usually take deep, long breaths, and ozone and other substances can affect their lungs. While industrialization, urbanization and globalization are creating resources for human beings, there are also problems of environmental pollution.
Smog affects land, maritime and air traffic. We should use fog lights in smog, avoid unnecessary travel, repair vehicles, reflector stickers on small vehicles like bullock carts, donkey carts and tanga horses. We should avoid unnecessarily long journeys. Travel from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. is considered safe.
Thank you for reading! Stay Safe!👋😌
Resources:
1.https://www.britannica.com/science/smog
2.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog
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