America's failures in the senseless war in Vietnam

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The fact shows that the US not only started participating in the war in Vietnam after 1954 (ie after the Geneva Accords of July 20, 1954), but they intervened in the colonial war of invasion. France in Vietnam, Indochina since the late 1950s when giving military aid to France.

In June 1954, when the Geneva conference had not ended, the US brought Ngo Dinh Diem to the South of Vietnam and on 7-7-1954 he officially became the Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam. On October 23, 1955, the southern government organized a referendum (between the Head of State Bao Dai and Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem) to legalize the presidency of Ngo Dinh Diem with the political backing of America.

With the US backing and aid (both economic and military including: weapons, military training advisor ...), Ngo Dinh Diem built a government apparatus from the central to each commune; eliminate the opposing armed forces (Cao Dai, Hoa Hao, Binh Xuyen) to build up the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. Along with that, from February 1955, the Southern government organized a communist party to denounce communism from the central to the provincial, district and commune levels and many nominal units of Civil Service, Civil Service ... to detect communist cadres "lying in the area" (ie cadres who were assigned to the South by the Communist Party after the Geneva Agreement was signed).

The US intervention was deeper and deeper into South Vietnam: After the 1954 Geneva Accords, the French had to withdraw from Vietnam. directly to the Ngo Dinh Diem government and this military responsibility would be transferred from the French to the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) under the command of Lieutenant General John O'Daniel. By the end of June 1956, the number of advisors at MAAG in the South had increased to 740 people and not only on supervision, but also in training and commanding to the regiment level, the Saigon army battalion.

Outside of Saigon, in the Southeast, the military advisory group MAAG was stationed at the BIF Saw Factory Office in Bien Hoa (the people in the area often called the Green House, because the walls were painted blue).

On 7-7-1959, when the Saigon government prepared the 5-year ceremony of Ngo Dinh Diem consul in the South, it was also the time when the Eastern Inter-Provincial Party Committee instructed the Regional Military Commission to coordinate with the town Party Committee of Bien Hoa to organize. the raid on the MAAG military advisory delegation at the Green House. The C250 armed division of the Regional Military Commission led by Nguyen Van Hoa was assigned this task.

On the night of 7-7-1959, the raid on the US military advisory delegation (MAAG) at the Green House went according to plan, ending quickly. Two American advisors, Major Bael Buis and Sergeant Chester Ovmand, died in the raid.

On September 13, 1982, on an area of ​​8,100 square meters in Washington, DC, the US Government celebrated the inauguration of The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall. Vietnam War Memorial, or the Vietnam War Wall (English: Vietnam Veterans Memorial), in the form of a long, V-shaped, black stone wall, engraved with the names of more than 58,000 American soldiers killed or missing while participating in the Vietnam War.

Topping the list of American soldiers on the Vietnam war wall are the names of two American soldiers who died in the Green House (Bien Hoa) raid on 7-7-1959: Major Bael Buis and Sergeant Chester Ovmand.

• Run away from Vietnam

On April 9, 1975, the South Command of the Liberation Army decided to launch an operation against the Xuan Loc line in the east of Saigon, the goal was to liberate Long Khanh Town, open the door for the liberation troops to enter. Saigon, the capital of the southern government.

Facing the loss of the Central Highlands and Central coastal provinces (Da Nang, Hue ...), on March 28, 1975, General Frederick Carlton Weyand, Chairman of the US Joint General Staff Council, former Commander of the MACV The US military commander in Vietnam) flew over the South to inspect the battlefields of Phan Rang, Xuan Loc areas, then agreed with the General Staff of the Republic of Vietnam Army (March 3-4-1975), to build a defense line to the East, in which Xuan Loc is the center. The main defensive force at the Xuan Loc line was the 18th Division of the Republic of Vietnam Army led by Major General Le Minh Dao.

From April 9, the Xuan Loc campaign took place drastically. The 4th Corps, the main force of the Region and the local armed forces of Ba Ria - Long Khanh province forced the entire 18th Division force and its attached units to retreat. Long Khanh TX was liberated, Colonel Pham Van Phuc, Governor of Long Khanh Province were arrested.

On the afternoon of April 21, 1975, President of the Republic of Vietnam Nguyen Van Thieu resigned and assigned the presidency to Tran Van Huong. On April 23, 1975, in a speech at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana, US President Gerald Ford declared: "... The Vietnam War is over with the United States. States ”.

In Saigon, at 20:45 on April 27, 1975, the National Assembly of the Republic of Vietnam voted to approve President Tran Van Huong to grant the presidency to General Duong Van Minh. On that very night, new President Duong Van Minh sent an official letter requesting the US Embassy to withdraw the Military Attaché Office (DAO or Defense Attaché's Office) in Tan Son Nhat within 24 hours, " Vietnam peace will soon be resolved ”.

With this official letter, the US Ambassador to Saigon, Graham A. Martin, directed and coordinated both the DAO and the CIA in the South to develop a plan to evacuate Americans and Vietnamese who cooperated directly with America in Saigon, withdrew the US Embassy from Vietnam. The plan is called Frequent Wind.

The Frequent Wind plan was implemented very quickly with many details, but in the end, evacuation by helicopter was mainly in some locations of the roof of buildings in Saigon (including the US Embassy) and DAO mission headquarters in Tan Son Nhat airport. Helicopters of all kinds CH-53 and CH-46 from the aircraft carriers of the 7th Fleet off the coast of Vung Tau flew into Saigon to evacuate Saigon. The last helicopter of the evacuation plan left the roof of the US Embassy in Saigon at 7:53 a.m. on April 30, 1975, ending American intervention in Vietnam since the early 1950s.

During the implementation of the evacuation plan, the US sent Marines into Saigon to protect the DAO area (in Tan Son Nhat airport) and the US Embassy.

At 3:30 a.m. on April 29, 1975, the 122-mm and 130-mm guns of the liberation army started firing at Tan Son Nhat airport and DAO facilities, the airport situation was very chaotic with hundreds of people jostling each other waiting to board the US helicopter. Corporal Charles McMahon and Corporal Darwin Lee Judge were mortally wounded. These are the two last wounded soldiers of the US Army in the Vietnam War.

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